EPUBCheck · Package document (OPF)

EPUBCheck OPF-074: same file in two items

Updated: Nov 4, 2026

EPUBCheck OPF-074 is an error message: “Package resource "…" is declared in several manifest items.” The same file is declared by more than one manifest item. Each publication resource must be listed once, so a reading app can rely on one id and one media type per file.

The official message

Package resource "%1$s" is declared in several manifest items.

Default severity: Error. The EPUB breaks a rule of the specification and is invalid. Stores and Send to Kindle may reject it, and EPUBCheck exits with status 1.
EPUBCheck version: 5.4.0

%1$s, %2$s… are filled in with the file, value or element EPUBCheck found.

Typical causes

A file added twice to the manifest with different ids.
Two manifests merged when combining books.
The same path written with different spellings, such as with and without ./ at the start.

How to fix it

Read the file name EPUBCheck quotes.
Keep one manifest item for it and delete the other.
Update anything that used the deleted id: spine itemrefs, fallbacks and the toc attribute.

When it's not this

If two different files have names that clash after case folding, that is OPF-060.

Terms used here

Other OPF messages

OPF-073 External identifiers must not appear in the document type declaration.
OPF-072 Metadata element "…" is empty.
OPF-070 Custom collection role "…" is an invalid URL.
OPF-067 The resource "…" must not be listed both as a "link" element in the package metadata and as a manifest item.

Sources

EPUB 3.3, §5.6.2 The item element · read Nov 4, 2026

Message text and severity from EPUBCheck 5.4.0 (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation by EpubCC.

FAQ

What does EPUBCheck OPF-074 mean?

Is OPF-074 an error?

OPF-074 is reported as error by default. The EPUB breaks a rule of the specification and is invalid. Stores and Send to Kindle may reject it, and EPUBCheck exits with status 1.