EpubCCEPUBCheck MED-008: clipBegin after clipEnd
Updated:
EPUBCheck MED-008 is an error message: “The time specified in the clipBegin attribute must not be after clipEnd.” In a media overlay, a clip's clipBegin time is after its clipEnd time. The end of each audio clip must come after its start, or the reading app cannot play the narration for that phrase.
The official message
The time specified in the clipBegin attribute must not be after clipEnd.
- Default severity
- Error. The EPUB breaks a rule of the specification and is invalid. Stores and Send to Kindle may reject it, and EPUBCheck exits with status 1.
- EPUBCheck version
- 5.4.0
Typical causes
- Swapped or mistyped times in the SMIL file.
- Times written in different formats (seconds and h:mm:ss) and misread when edited by hand.
How to fix it
- Open the SMIL file EPUBCheck names and find the audio element at the line it reports.
- Correct the times so clipBegin is before clipEnd, checking them against the audio file.
- If the times came from an alignment tool, re-run it rather than editing many clips by hand.
- Rebuild the EPUB and run EPUBCheck again to confirm the message is gone.
When it's not this
If both times are equal, the error is MED-009.
Terms used here
Other MED messages
MED-009The time specified in the clipBegin attribute must not be the same as clipEnd.MED_007Picture "source" elements must define a "type" attribute when they reference foreign resources; found resource "…" of type "…".MED_010EPUB Content Documents referenced from a Media Overlay must specify the "media-overlay" attribute.MED-005Media Overlay audio reference … to non-standard audio type … found.MED_011EPUB Content Document referenced from multiple Media Overlay Documents.MED-004Image file header may be corrupted.
Sources
Message text and severity from EPUBCheck 5.4.0 (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation by EpubCC.