# EPUBCheck OPF-091: fragment in manifest href, how to fix it

Source: https://epubcc.com/epubcheck/opf-091/ (updated 2026-11-04)

EPUBCheck OPF-091 is an error message: “The item href URL must not have a fragment identifier.” A manifest item's href contains a fragment identifier (the part of a URL after the hash sign). Manifest items declare whole files, so their URLs must not point inside a file.

- Official message (EPUBCheck 5.4.0): The item href URL must not have a fragment identifier.
- Default severity: Error

## Typical causes

- An href copied from a link, such as chapter1.xhtml#start.
- A tool that builds manifest entries from table of contents links.
- A fragment left after editing paths by hand.

## How to fix it

1. Find the manifest item EPUBCheck points to.
2. Remove the #fragment from its href, leaving only the file path.
3. If two items now point to the same file, keep one and update references to the other's id.

## When it's not this

If a metadata link points to an element of the package document itself, that is OPF-098.

## Sources

- EPUB 3.3, §5.6.2 The item element: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-item-elem (read 2026-11-04)

Message text and severity: EPUBCheck (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation: EpubCC.