# EPUBCheck OPF-074: same file in two items, how to fix it

Source: https://epubcc.com/epubcheck/opf-074/ (updated 2026-11-04)

EPUBCheck OPF-074 is an error message: “Package resource "…" is declared in several manifest items.” The same file is declared by more than one manifest item. Each publication resource must be listed once, so a reading app can rely on one id and one media type per file.

- Official message (EPUBCheck 5.4.0): Package resource "%1$s" is declared in several manifest items.
- Default severity: Error

## Typical causes

- A file added twice to the manifest with different ids.
- Two manifests merged when combining books.
- The same path written with different spellings, such as with and without ./ at the start.

## How to fix it

1. Read the file name EPUBCheck quotes.
2. Keep one manifest item for it and delete the other.
3. Update anything that used the deleted id: spine itemrefs, fallbacks and the toc attribute.

## When it's not this

If two different files have names that clash after case folding, that is OPF-060.

## Sources

- EPUB 3.3, §5.6.2 The item element: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-item-elem (read 2026-11-04)

Message text and severity: EPUBCheck (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation: EpubCC.