# EPUBCheck OPF-049: manifest id not found, how to fix it

Source: https://epubcc.com/epubcheck/opf-049/ (updated 2026-11-04)

EPUBCheck OPF-049 is an error message: “Item id "…" was not found in the manifest.” Something refers to a manifest id that does not exist, for example a spine itemref idref or the spine's toc attribute. Every such reference must match the id of an item element in the manifest.

- Official message (EPUBCheck 5.4.0): Item id "%1$s" was not found in the manifest.
- Default severity: Error

## Typical causes

- A manifest item that was removed or renamed while the spine still refers to it.
- A typo or a difference in case between the idref and the item id.
- A spine copied from another book with different ids.

## How to fix it

1. Read the id EPUBCheck names.
2. Correct the reference to an existing manifest id.
3. Or add the missing manifest item, with its href and media type, if the file is in the book.

## When it's not this

If the id exists but the same item is listed twice in the spine, that is OPF-034.

## Sources

- EPUB 3.3, §5.7.2 The itemref element: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-itemref-elem (read 2026-11-04)

Message text and severity: EPUBCheck (W3C, BSD-3-Clause). Explanation: EpubCC.