# Japanese PDF to EPUB

Source: https://epubcc.com/cases/japanese/ (updated 2026-11-03)

Japanese text has no spaces between words, so joining lines and paragraphs needs different rules than Latin text. On a Japanese Wikipedia article the EpubCC engine joins CJK lines without inserting spaces.

Problem: CJK text without spaces between words, mixed with Latin script and numbers.

- Limitation: The source is horizontal text; vertical (tategaki) books have not been tested yet.
- Limitation: pdf_oxide and pdftotext score slightly higher than our engine on this document.